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Encyclopedia Britannica



BRIDGEBUILDING BROTHERHOOD

This article appears in Volume V04, Page 532 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: BOS-BRI
BRIDGEBUILDING BROTHERHOOD , a confraternity (Fratres Pontifices) that arose in the
south
  of
France
  during the latter
part
  of the 12th
century
 , and maintained hospices at the
chief
  fords of the
principal
  rivers, besides building bridges and looking after ferries. The brotherhood was recognized by
Pope
  Clement III. in 118g.
BRIDGE
 -HEAD (Fr. tete-du-Pont), in fortification, a
work
  de-signed to cover the passage of a river by means of fortifications
on one or both banks. As the process of moving an army over bridges is slow and complicated, it is usually necessary to secure it from hostile interruption, and the works constituting the
bridge
 -head must therefore be sufficiently far advanced to keep the enemy's artillery out of range of the bridges. In addition, room is required for the troops to form up on the farther bank. In former days, with short-range weapons, a bridge-head was often little more than a screen for the bridge itself, but
modern
  conditions have rendered necessary far greater extension of bridge defences.


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