BREMER, FREDRIKA (r8or1865)

This article appears in Volume V04, Page 495 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: BOS-BRI

BREMER, FREDRIKA (r8or1865) , Swedish novelist, was born near Abo, in Finland, on the 17th of August 18o1. Her father, a descendant of an old German family, a wealthy iron master and merchant, left Finland when Fredrika was three years old, and after a year's residence in Stockholm,

purchased

PURCHASED

an estate at Arsta, about 20 m. from the

capital

CAPITAL (i.e. capital stock or fund)
CAPITAL (Lat. caput, head)

. There, with occasional visits to Stockholm and to a neighbouring estate, which belonged for a time to her father, Fredrika passed her time till 1820. The education to which she and her sisters were subjected
was unusually strict; Fredrika's health began to give way; and in 1821 the family set out for the

south

SOUTH
SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

of France. They travelled slowly by way of Germany and Switzerland, and returned by Paris and the

Netherlands

NETHERLANDS

. It was shortly after this time that Miss Bremer became acquainted with Schiller's works, which made a very deep impression on her. She had begun to write verses from the age of eight, and in 1828 she succeeded in finding a publisher for the first volume of her Teckningar ur hvardagslifvet (1828), which at once attracted attention. The second volume (1831), containing one of her best tales, Familjen H., gave decisive evidence that a real novelist had been found in Sweden. The Swedish

Academy

ACADEMY, GREEK
ACADEMY, ROYAL

awarded her their smaller gold

medal

MEDAL (Fr. medaille, from Lat. metallum)

, and she increased her reputation by Presidentens dottrar (1834), Grannarne (1837) and others. Her father had died in 183o, and her life was thereafter regulated in accordance with her own wishes and tastes. She lived for some years in Norway with a friend, after whose death she travelled in the autumn of 1849 to America, and after spending nearly two years there returned through England. The admirable translations (1846, &c.) of her works by Mary Howitt, which had been received with even greater eagerness in America and England than in Sweden, secured for her a warm and kindly reception. Her impressions of America, Hemmen i nya verlden, were published in 1853-1854, and at once translated into English. After her return Miss Bremer devoted herself to her

scheme

SCHEME (Lat. schema, Gr. oxfjya, figure, form, from the root axe, seen in exeiv, to have, hold, to be of such shape, form, &c.)

for the advancement and emancipation of women. Her views on these questions were expounded in her later novelsHertha (1856) and Far och dotter (1858). Miss Bremer organized a society of ladies in Stockholm for the purpose of visiting the prisons, and during the cholera started a society, the object of which was the care of children left orphans by the epidemic. She devoted herself to other philanthropic and social schemes, and gradually abandoned her earlier simple and charming type of story for novels directed to the furtherance of her views. In these she was less successful. In 1856 she again travelled, and spent five years on the continent and in Palestine. Her reminiscences of these countries have all been translated into English. On her return she settled at Arsta, where, with the exception of a visit to Germany, she spent the remaining years of her life. She died on the 31st of December 1865.
See Life, Letters and Posthumous Works of F. Bremer, by her

sister

SISTER

, Charlotte Bremer, translated by F. Milow, London, 1868. A selection of her works in 6 vols. appeared at Orebro, 1868-1872.

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