BRATIANU (or BRATIANO), ION C

This article appears in Volume V04, Page 436 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: BOS-BRI

BRATIANU (or BRATIANO), ION C . (18211891), Rumanian statesman, was born at Pitesci in Walachia on the 2nd of June 1821. He entered the Walachian army in 1838, and visited Paris in 1841 for purposes of study. Returning to Walachia, he took part, with his friend C. A. Rosetti and other prominent politicians, in the Rumanian rebellion of 1848, and acted as prefect of police in the provisional government formed in that year. The restoration of Russian and Turkish authority shortly afterwards drove him into

exile

EXILE (Lat. exsilium or exilium, from exsul or exul, which is derived from ex, out of, and the root sal, to go, seen in salire, to leap,
consul
- CONSUL
- CONSUL (in Gr. generally ihraros,ashortened form of errpavgybs 8hraeos, i.e. praetor maximus)
, &c.; the connexion with solum, soil, country is now generally considered wrong)

. He took

refuge

REFUGE

in Paris, and endeavoured to influence French

opinion

OPINION (Lat. opinio, from opinari, to think)

in favour of the proposed union and autonomy of the Danubian principalities. In 18J4, however, he was sentenced to a fine of 120 and three months' imprisonment for sedition, and later confined in a lunatic asylum; but in 1856 he returned home with his brother, Dimitrie Bratianu, afterwards one of his foremost political opponents. During the reign of Prince Cuza (18591866), Bratianu figured prominently as one of the Liberal leaders. He assisted in 1866 in the deposition of Cuza and the election of Prince Charles of Hohenzollern, under whom`. he held several ministerial appointments during the next four years. He was arrested for complicity in the revolution of 187o, but soon released. In 1876, aided by C. A. Rosetti, he formed a Liberal cabinet, which remained in power until 1888. For an account of his work in connexion with the Russo-Turkish War of 1877, the Berlin congress, the

establishment

ESTABLISHMENT (0. Fr. establissement, Fr. etablissement,
late
- LATE
Norm. Fr. establishement, from O. Fr. establir, Fr. etablir, Lat. stabilire, to make stable)

of the Rumanian kingdom, the revision of the constitution, and other reforms, see RUMANIA. After 1883 Bratianu acted as sole leader of the Liberals, owing to a quarrel with C. A. Rosetti, his friend and political ally for nearly forty years. His long tenure of office, without parallel in Rumanian history, rendered Bratianu extremely unpopular, and at its close his

impeachment

IMPEACHMENT (O. Fr. empeahement, empeschement, from em pecher or empescher, to hinder,
Late
- LATE
Lat. impedicare, to entangle, pedica, fetter, pes, foot)

appeared inevitable. But any proceedings taken .against the minister would have involved charges against the king, who was largely responsible for his policy; and the

impeachment

IMPEACHMENT (O. Fr. empeahement, empeschement, from em pecher or empescher, to hinder, Late Lat. impedicare, to entangle, pedica, fetter, pes, foot)

was averted by a vote of parliament in February 189o. Bratianu died on the 16th of May 1891. Besides being the leading statesman of Rumania during the

critical

CRITICAL (in alphabetical order of authors)

years 18761888, he attained some eminence as a writer. His French political pamphlets, Memoire sur l'empire d'Autriche dans la question d'Orient (1855), Reflexions sur la situation (1856), Memoire sur la situation de la Moldavie depuis le traite de Paris (1857), and La Question religieuse en Roumanie (1866), were all published in Paris.
For his other writings and speeches see Din Scrierile ,si cuvintarile lui I. C. Bratianu, 18211891 (

Bucharest

BUCHAREST (Bucuresci)

, 1903, &c.), edited with a biographical introduction by D. A. Sturza. A brief anonymous biography, Ion C. Bratianu, appeared at

Bucharest

BUCHAREST (Bucuresci)

in 1893.

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