BOYCOTT

This article appears in Volume V04, Page 353 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: BOS-BRI

BOYCOTT , the refusal and incitement to refusal to have commercial or social dealings with any one on whom it is wished to bring pressure. As merely a form of " sending to Coventry " or (in W. E. Gladstone's phrase) " exclusive dealing," boycotting may be, from a legal point of view, unassailable, and as such has frequently been justified by its

original

ORIGINAL

political inventors. But in practice it has usually taken the form of what is undoubtedly an illegal conspiracy to injure the person, property or business of another by unwarrantably putting pressure on all and sundry to withdraw from him their social or business inter-course. The word was first used in Ireland, and was derived from the name of Captain Charles Cunningham Boycott (1832-1897), agent for the estates of the

earl

EARL

of Erne in Co. Mayo. For refusing in 188o to receive rents at figures fixed by the tenants, Captain Boycott had his life threatened, his servants compelled to leave him, his fences torn down, his letters intercepted and his food supplies interfered with. It took a force of 900 soldiers to protect the Ulster Orangemen (" Emergency Men ") who succeeded finally in getting in his crops. He wa.s hooted and mobbed in the streets, and hanged and burnt in effigy. The

system

SYSTEM

of boycotting was an essential

part

PART

of the Irish Nationalist " Plan of Campaign," and was dealt with under the Crimes Act of 1887. The

term

TERM

soon came into common English use, and was speedily adopted by the French, Germans, Dutch and Russians. In the United States this method of " persuasion " was taken up by the

trade

unions about 1886, an employer who refused their demands being brought to terms by a combination
IV. I2to refuse to buy his product or do his

work

WORK

, or to deal with any who did. Various cases have occurred in America in which labour organizations have pronounced such a boycott against a firm; and its illegal nature has been established in the law-courts; notably in the case of the Bucks Stove Company v. The American Federation of Labor (1907) in the Supreme Court of the

district

DISTRICT

of Columbia, and in a suit against the Hatters'

Union

(February 1908) in the U.S. Supreme Court. A boycott has also been held by the U.S. Supreme Court to be a violation of the Sherman

Anti

ANTI, or CAMPA

-Trust law.

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