BOUSSINGAULT, JEAN BAPTISTE JOSEPH DIEUDONNE (1802-1887)

This article appears in Volume V04, Page 335 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

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BOUSSINGAULT, JEAN BAPTISTE JOSEPH DIEUDONNE (1802-1887) , French chemist, was born in Paris on the 2nd of

February

FEBRUARY

1802. After studying at the school of mines at Saint-

Etienne

ETIENNE, CHARLES GUILLAUME (1778-1845)

he went, when little more than twenty years old, to

South

SOUTH
SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

America as a mining engineer on behalf of an English company. During the insurrection of the Spanish colonies he was attached to the staff of General Bolivar, and travelled widely in the northern parts of the continent. Returning to France he became professor of

chemistry

at Lyons, and in 1839 was appointed to the chair of agricultural and analytical

chemistry

at the Conservatoire des Arts et Metiers in Paris. In 1848 he was elected to the National Assembly, where he sat as a Moderate republican. Three years later he was dismissed from his professorship on account of his political opinions, but so much resentment at this action was shown by scientific men in general, and especially by his colleagues, who threatened to resign in a

body

BODY

, that he was reinstated. He died in Paris on the nth of May 1887. His first papers were concerned with mining topics, and his sojourn in

South

SOUTH
SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

America yielded a number of miscellaneous memoirs, on the cause of goitre in the Cordilleras, the gases of volcanoes, earthquakes, tropical rain, &c., which won the commendation of A. von Humboldt. From 1836 he devoted himself mainly to agricultural chemistry and animal and vegetable

physiology

PHYSIOLOGY (from Gr. 4 i s, nature, and koyos, discourse)

, with occasional excursions into

mineral

MINERAL

chemistry. His

work

WORK

included papers on the quantity of nitrogen in different foods, the amount of gluten in different wheats, investigations on the question whether plants can assimilate free nitrogen from the atmosphere (which he answered in the negative), the respiration of plants, the

function

FUNCTION

of their leaves, the action and value of manures, and other similar subjects. Through his wife he had a share in an estate at Bechebronn in

Alsace

ALSACE (Ger. Elsass)

, where he carried out many agricultural experiments. He
collaborated with J. B. A. Dumas in writing an Essai de statique chimique des etres organises (1841), and was the author of Traite d'economie rurale (1844), which was remodelled as Agronomie, chimie agricole, et physiologic (5 vols., 186o-1874; 2nd ed., 1884), and of Etudes sur la transformation du fer en acier (1875).

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