BOURSAULT, EDME (1638-1701)

This article appears in Volume V04, Page 334 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

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BOURSAULT, EDME (1638-1701) , French dramatist and miscellaneous writer, was born at Mussy l'Eveque, now Mussysur-Seine (

Aube

AUBE

), in October 1638. On his first arrival in Paris in 1651 his language was limited to a Burgundian

patois

PATOIS

, but within a year he produced his first comedy, Le Mort vivant. This and some other pieces of small merit secured for him distinguished patronage in the society ridiculed by Moliere in the Ecole des femmes. Boursault was persuaded that the " Lysidas " of that play was a caricature of himself, and attacked Moliere in Le Portrait du peintre ou la contre-critique de l'Ecole des femmes (1663). Moliere retaliated in L'

Impromptu

IMPROMPTU (from in promptu, on the spur of the moment)

Versailles

VERSAILLES

, and Boileau attacked Boursault in Satires 7 and 9. Boursault replied to Boileau in his

Satire

SATIRE (Lat. satira, satura; see below)

des satires (1669), but was afterwards reconciled with him, when Boileau on his side erased his name from his satires. Boursault obtained a considerable pension as editor of a rhyming

gazette

GAZETTE

, which was, however, suppressed for ridiculing a Capuchin friar, and the editor was only saved from the

Bastille

BASTILLE (from Fr. bastir, now bdtir, to build)

by the interposition of

Conde

. In 1671 he produced a

work

WORK

of edification in Ad usum Delphini: la veritable etude des souverains, which so pleased the court that its author was about to be made assistant tutor to the dauphin when it was found that he was ignorant of Greek and Latin, and the post was given to Pierre Huet. Perhaps in compensation Boursault was made collector of taxes at Montlucon about 1672, an appointment that he retained until 1688. Among his best-known plays are Le Mercure galant, the title of which was changed to La Comedie sans titre (1683); La Prin-cesse de Cleves (1676), an unsuccessful play which, when refurbished with fresh names by its author, succeeded as Germanicus; Esope d la ville (169o); and Esope d la tour (1701). His lack of dramatic instinct could hardly be better indicated than by the

scheme

SCHEME (Lat. schema, Gr. oxfjya, figure, form, from the root axe, seen in exeiv, to have, hold, to be of such shape, form, &c.)

of his Esope, which allows the fabulist to come on the stage in each scene and recite a fable. Boursault died in Paris on the 15th of September 1701.
The (Euvres choisies of Boursault were published in 1811, and a sketch of him is to be found in M. Saint-Rene Taillandier's Etudes litteraires (1881).

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