BOURGEOIS, LEON VICTOR AUGUSTE (1851 )

This article appears in Volume V04, Page 330 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: BOS-BRI

BOURGEOIS, LEON VICTOR AUGUSTE (1851 ) , French statesman, was born at Paris on the 21st of May 1851, and was educated for the law. After holding a subordinate office (1876) in the department of public works, he became successively prefect of the Tarn (1882) and the Haute-

Garonne

GARONNE (Lat. Garumna)

(1885), and then returned to Paris to enter the ministry of the interior. He became prefect of police in November 1887, at the criticalmoment of President Grevy's resignation. In the following year he entered the chamber, being elected deputy for the Marne, in opposition to General

Boulanger

BOULANGER
BOULANGER, GEORGE ERNEST JEAN MARIE (1837-1891)

, and joined the radical left. He was under-secretary for

home

affairs in the Floquet ministry of 1888, and resigned with it in 1889, being then returned to the chamber for Reims. In the Tirard ministry, which succeeded, he was minister of the interior, and subsequently, on the 18th of

March

1890, minister of public instruction in the cabinet of M. de Freycinet, a post for which he had qualified himself by the attention he had given to educational matters. In this capacity he was responsible in 1890 for some important reforms in secondary education. He retained his office in M. Loubet's cabinet in 1892, and was minister of justice under M. Ribot at the end of that year, when the Panama scandals were making the office one of peculiar difficulty. He energetically pressed the Panama prosecution, so much so that he was accused of having put wrongful pressure on the wife of one of the defendants in order to procure evidence. To meet the charge he resigned in

March

1893, but again took office, and only retired with the rest of the Freycinet ministry. In November 1895 he himself formed a cabinet of a pronouncedly radical type, the main

interest

INTEREST

of which was attached to its fall, as the result of a constitutional crisis arising from the persistent refusal of the senate to vote

supply

SUPPLY (through Fr. from Lat. supplere, to fill up)

. The

Bourgeois

BOURGEOIS
BOURGEOIS, LEON VICTOR AUGUSTE (1851– )

ministry appeared to consider that popular

opinion

OPINION (Lat. opinio, from opinari, to think)

would enable them to override what they claimed to be an unconstitutional action on the part of the upper

house

HOUSE
HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in
Gothic
- GOTHIC
it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

; but the public was indifferent and the senate triumphed. The blow was undoubtedly damaging to M.

Bourgeois

BOURGEOIS
BOURGEOIS, LEON VICTOR AUGUSTE (1851– )

's career as an homme de gouvernement. As minister of public instruction in the Brisson cabinet of 1898 he organized courses for adults in primary education. After this short ministry he represented his country with dignity and effect at the Hague peace congress, and in 1903 was nominated a member of the permanent court of arbitration. He held somewhat aloof from the political struggles of the Waldeck-Rousseau and Combes ministries, travelling consider-ably in foreign countries. In 1902 and 1903 he was elected president of the chamber. In 1905 he replaced the duc d'Audiffret-Pasquier as senator for the department of Marne, and in May 1906 became minister of foreign affairs in the Sarrien cabinet. He was responsible for the direction of French diplomacy in the conference at Algeciras.

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