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Encyclopedia Britannica



BOURDON, FRANCOIS LOUIS (d. 1797)

This article appears in Volume V04, Page 330 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: BOS-BRI
BOURDON, FRANCOIS LOUIS (d. 1797) , known as BOURDON DE L'OISE, French revolutionist, was procureur at the parlement
of Paris. He ardently embraced the revolutionary doctrines and took an active part in the insurrection of the loth of August 1792. Representing the department of the Oise in the Convention, he voted for the immediate death of the king. He accused the Girondists of relations with the court, then turned against Robespierre, who had him expelled from the Jacobin club for his conduct as
commissioner
  of the Convention with the army of La Rochelle. On the 9th Thermidor he was one of the deputies delegated to aid Barras to repress the insurrection made by the commune of Paris in favour of Robespierre. Bourbon then be-came a violent reactionary, attacking the former members of the Mountain and supporting rigorous
measures
  against the rioters of the 12th Germinal and the 1st Prairial of the year III. In the council of Five Hundred, Bourdon belonged to the party of " Clichyens," composed of disguised royalists, against whom the directors made the coup d'etat of the 18th Fructidor. Bourdon was arrested and deported to French Guiana, where he died soon after his arrival.
BOURG-EN-
BRESSE
 , a town of eastern France,
capital
  of the department of Ain, and formerly
capital
  of the province of
Bresse
 , 36 m. N.N.E. of Lyons by the Paris-Lyon railway. Pop. (1906) town, 13,916; commune, 20,045. Bourg is situated at the western base of the Jura, on the left bank of the Reyssouze, a tributary of the Saone. The
chief
  of the older buildings is the church of Notre-Dame (16th century), of which the facade belongs to the Renaissance; other parts of the church are
Gothic
 . In the interior there are stalls of the 16th century. The other public buildings, including a handsome prefecture, are modern. The hotel de ville contains a library and the Lorin museum with a collection of pictures, while another museum has a collection of the old costumes and ornaments characteristic of Bresse. Among the statues in the town there is one of Edgar Quinet (18031875), a native of Bourg. Bourg is the seat of a prefect and of a court of assizes, and has a tribunal of first instance, a tribunal and a chamber of commerce, and a branch of the Bank of France. Its educational establishments include lycees for boys and girls, and training colleges. The manufactures consist of iron goods,
mineral
  waters, tallow, soap and earthenware, and there are flour mills and breweries; and there is considerable trade in grain, cattle and poultry. The church of Brou, a suburb of Bourg, is of
great
  artistic
interest
 . Marguerite of Bourbon, wife of Philibert II. of Savoy, had intended to found a monastery on the spot, but died before her intention could be carried into effect. The church was actually built early in the 16th century by her daughter-in-law Marguerite of Austria, wife of Philibert le Beau of Savoy, in memory of her husband. The exterior, especially the facade, is richly ornamented, but the
chief
 
interest
  lies in the works of art in the interior, which date from 1532. The most important are the three mausoleums with the marble effigies of Marguerite of Bourbon, Philibert le Beau, and Marguerite of Austria. All three are remarkable for perfection of sculpture and richness of ornamentation. The rood loft, the oak stalls, and the reredos in the chapel of the Virgin are masterpieces in a similar style.
Roman remains have been discovered at Bourg, but little is known of its early history. Raised to the rank of a free town in 1250, it was at the beginning of the 15th century chosen by the dukes of Savoy as the chief city of the province of Bresse. In 1535 it passed to France, but was restored to Duke Philibert Emmanuel, who later built a strong citadel, which afterwards withstood a six months' siege by the soldiers of
Henry
  IV. The town was finally ceded to France in 16or. In 1814 the in-habitants, in spite of the defenceless condition of their town, offered resistance to the Austrians, who put the place to pillage.


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