BOULEVARD (a Fr. word, earlier boulevart, from Dutch or Ger. Bollwerk, cf. Eng. " bulwark ")

This article appears in Volume V04, Page 321 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: BOS-BRI

BOULEVARD (a Fr. word, earlier boulevart, from Dutch or Ger. Bollwerk, cf. Eng. " bulwark ") , originally, in fortification, an earthwork with a broad platform for artillery. It came into use owing to the width of the gangways in medieval walls being insufficient for the mounting of artillery thereon. The boulevard or

bulwark

BULWARK (a word probably of Scandinavian origin, from bol or
bole
- BOLE
, a tree-trunk, and werk, work, in Ger. Bollwerk, which has also been derived from an old
German
- GERMAN
- GERMAN, DUTCH AND SCANDINAVIAN
bolen, to throw, and so a machine for throwing missiles)

was usually an earthen outwork mounting artillery, and so placed in advance as to prevent the guns of a besieger from battering the foot of the

main

walls. It was as a

rule

RULE

circular. Semicircular demi-boulevards were often constructed

round

ROUND (O. Fr. rond, Lat. rotundus, the Fr. is the source also of Du. rond; Ger., Swed., Dan. and Nor. rond)

the bases of the old masonry towers with the same

object

OBJECT

. In

modern

MODERN

times the word is most frequently used to denote a

promenade

PROMENADE

laid out on the site of a former fortification, and, by

analogy

ANALOGY (Gr. avaXo-yLa, proportion)

, a broad avenue in a town planted with rows of trees.

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