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Encyclopedia Britannica



BOULAY DE LA MEURTHE, ANTOINE JACQUES CLAUDE JOSEPH, COMTE (1761-1840)

This article appears in Volume V04, Page 319 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: BOS-BRI
BOULAY DE LA MEURTHE, ANTOINE JACQUES CLAUDE JOSEPH, COMTE (1761-1840) , French politician and
magistrate
 , son of an agricultural labourer, was born at Chamousey (Vosges) on the 19th of February 1761. Called to the bar at
Nancy
  in 1783, he presently went-to Paris, where he rapidly acquired a reputation as a lawyer and a
speaker
 . He supported the revolutionary cause in Lorraine, and fought at Valmy (1792) and Wissembourg (1793) in the republican army. But his moderate principles brought suspicion on him, and during the Terror he had to go into hiding. He represented La Meurthe in the Council of Five Hundred, of which he was twice president, but his views developed steadily in the conservative direction. Fearing a possible renewal of the Terror, he became an active member of the
plot
  for the overthrow of the Directory in November 1799. He was rewarded by the presidency of the legislative commission formed by
Napoleon
  to draw up the new constitution; and as president of the legislative section of the council of state he examined and revised the draft of the civil code. In eight years of hard
work
  as director of a
special
  land commission he settled the titles of land acquired by the French nation at the Revolution, and placed on an unassailable basis the rights of the proprietors who had bought this land from the government. He received the grand
cross
  of the Legion of Honour and the title of
count
 , was a member of
Napoleon
 's privy council, but was never in high favour at court. After Waterloo he tried to obtain the recognition of Napoleon II. He was placed under surveillance at
Nancy
 , and later at Halberstadt and Frankfort-on-Main. He was allowed to return to France in 1819, but took no further active part in politics, although he presented himself unsuccessfully for parliamentary election in 1824 and 1827. He died in Paris on the 4th of February 1840. He published two books on
English historyEssai sur les causes qui, en 1649, amenerent en Angleterre l'etablissement de la republique (Paris, 1799), and Tableau politique des regnes de Charles II et Jacques II, derniers rois de la maison de Stuart (The Hague, 18x8)-which contained much indirect criticism of the Directory and the Restoration governments. He devoted the last years of his life to writing his memoirs, which, with the exception of a fragment on the Theorie constitutionnelle de Sieyes (1836), remained unpublished.
His elder son, Comte HENRI GEORGES BOULAY DE LA MEURTHE (1797-1858), was a constant Bonapartist, and after the election of Louis Napoleon to the presidency, was named (January 1849) vice-president of the republic. He zealously promoted popular education, and became in 1842 president of the society for elementary instruction.


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