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Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: BLA-BOS |
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BORROMEAN ISLANDS- BORROMEO
the church and marry, that his family might not become extinct. He declined the proposal, however, and became henceforward still more fervent in exercises of piety, and more zealous for the welfare of the church. Owing to his influence over Pius IV., he was able to facilitate the final deliberations of the council of Trent, and he took a large share in the drawing up of the Tridentine catechism (Catechismus Romanus). On the death of Pius IV. (1566), the skill and diligence
Borromeo
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In 1576, when Milan was visited by the plague, he went about giving directions for accommodating the sick and burying the dead, avoiding no danger and sparing no expense. He visited all the neighbouring parishes where the contagion raged, distributing money, providing accommodation for the sick, and punishing those, especially the clergy, who were remiss in discharging their duties. He met with much opposition to his reforms. The governor of the province, and many of the senators, apprehensive that the cardinal's ordinances and proceedings would encroach upon the civil jurisdiction, addressed remonstrances and complaints to the courts of Rome and Madrid. But Borromeo had more formidable difficulties to struggle with, in the inveterate opposition of several religious orders, particularly that of the Humiliati (Brothers of Humility Some members of that society formed a conspiracy against his life, and a shot was fired at him in the archiepiscopal chapel under circumstances which led to the belief that his escape was miraculous. The number of his enemies was increased by his successful attack on his Jesuit confessor Ribera, who with other members of the college of Milan was found to be guilty of unnatural offences. His manifold labours and austerities appear to have shortened his life. He was seized with an intermittent fever, and died at Milan on the 4th of November 1584. He was canonized in Oro, and his feast is celebrated on the 4th of November.Besides the Nodes Vaticanae, to which he appears to have contributed, the only literary relics of this intrepid and zealous reformer are some homilies, discourses and sermons, with a collection of letters. His sermons, which have little literary merit, were published by J. A. Sax (5 vols., Milan, 17471748), and have been translated into many languages. The record of his episcopate is to be found in the two volumes of the Acta Ecclesiae Mediolanensis (Milan, 1599). Contrary to his last wishes a memorial was erected to him in Milan cathedral, as well as a statue 7o ft. high on the hill above Arona, by his admirers who regarded him as the leader of a Counter-Reformation. His nephew, Federigo Borromeo (15641631), was archbishop of Milan from 1595, and in 1609 founded the Ambrosian library in that city. See G. P. Giussano, Vita di S. Carle Borromeo (161o, Eng. ed. by H. E. Manning
Hisloire de St Charles Borromee (Milan, 1884) ; and A. Cantono, Un grande riformatore del secolo X VI (Florence, 1904) ; article " Borromaus " in Herzog-Hauck, Realencyklopadie ( Leipzig
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