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Encyclopedia Britannica



BOROUGH [BURROUGH, BURROWE, BORROWS], STEVEN (15251584)

This article appears in Volume V04, Page 268 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: BLA-BOS
BOROUGH [BURROUGH, BURROWE, BORROWS], STEVEN (15251584) , English navigator, was born at Northam in
Devon
 -shire on the 25th of September 1525. In 1553 he took part in the expedition which was despatched from the Thames under Sir Hugh Willoughby to look for a northern passage to Cathay and India, serving as master of the "
Edward
  Bonaventure," on which Richard
Chancellor
  sailed as pilot in
chief
 . Separated by a
storm
  from the " Bona Esperanza " and the " Bona Confidentia," the other two ships of the expedition, Borough proceeded on his voyage alone, and sailing into the White Sea, in the words of his epitaph, " discouered Moscouia by the Northerne sea passage to St Nicholas " (Archangel). In a second expedition, made in the " Serchthrift " in 1556, he discovered Kara Strait, between Novaya Zemlya and Vaygach
island
 . In 156o he was in charge of another expedition to
Russia
 , and, probably in 1558, he also made a voyage to Spain. At the beginning of 1563 he was appointed
chief
  pilot and one of the four masters of the queen's ships in the Medway, and in this office he spent the rest of his life. He died on the 12th of July 1584, and was buried at Chatham. His son, Christopher Borough, wrote a description of a trading expedition made in 15791581 from the White Sea to the Caspian and back.
His younger brother, WILLIAM BOROUGH, born in 1536, also at Northam, served as an
ordinary
  seaman in the "
Edward
  Bonaventure " on her voyage to
Russia
  in 1553, and subsequently made many voyages to St Nicholas. Later he transferred his services from the merchant adventurers to the crown. As
commander
  of the " Lion " he accompanied Sir Francis Drake in his Cadiz expedition of 1587, but he got himself into trouble by presuming to disagree with his chief concerning the wisdom of the attack on Lagos. He died in 1599. He was the author of A Discourse of the Variation of the Comps, or Magneticall Needle (1581), and some of the charts he made are preserved at the British Museum and
Hatfield
 .


End of Article: BOROUGH [BURROUGH, BURROWE, BORROWS], STEVEN (15251584)


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