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Encyclopedia Britannica



BONIFACE IX

This article appears in Volume V04, Page 207 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: BLA-BOS
BONIFACE IX . (Piero Tomacelli),
pope
  from 1389 to 1404, was born at Naples of a poor but ancient family. Created cardinal by Urban VI., he was elected successor to the latter on the 2nd of November 1389. In 1391 he canonized Birgitta of Sweden. He was able to restore Roman authority in the major
part
  of the papal states, and in 1398 put an end to the republican liberties of the city itself.
Boniface
  won Naples, which had owed spiritual allegiance to the antipopes Clement VII. and Benedict XIII. of Avignon, to the Roman obedience. In 1403 he ventured at last to confirm the deposition of the emperor Wenceslaus and the election of
Rupert
 . Negotiations for the healing of the
Great
  Schism were without result. In spite of his inferior education, the contemporaries of
Boniface
  trusted his prudence and moral
character
 ; yet when in
financial
  straits he sold offices, and in 1399 transformed the
annates
  into a permanent tax. In 1390 he celebrated the
regular
 
jubilee
 , but a rather informal one held in 1400 proved more profitable. Though probably not personally avaricious, he was justly accused of nepotism. He died on the 1st of October 1404, being still under sixty years of age. (W. W. R.*)


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