BONGHI, RUGGERO (1828-1895)

This article appears in Volume V04, Page 204 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: BLA-BOS

BONGHI, RUGGERO (1828-1895) , Italian scholar, writer and politician, was born at Naples on the loth of March 1828. Exiled from Naples in consequence of the

movement

MOVEMENT

of 1848, he took

refuge

REFUGE

in Tuscany, whence he was compelled to flee to Turin on account of a pungent article against the Bourbons. At Turin he resumed his philosophic studies and his translation of Plato, but in 1858 refused a professorship of Greek at Pavia, under the Austrian government, only to accept it in 1859 from the Italian government after the liberation of Lombardy. In 186o, with the Cavour party, he opposed the

work

WORK

of Garibaldi, Crispi and Bertani at Naples, and became secretary of Luigi Carlo

Farini

FARINI, LUIGI CARLO (1812–1866)

during the latter's lieutenancy, but in 1865 assumed contemporaneously the editorship of the Perseveranza of

Milan

MILAN
MILAN (Ital. Milano, Ger. Mailand, anc. Mediolanum, q.v.)

and the chair of Latin literature at Florence. Elected deputy in 1860 he became celebrated by the biting wit of his speeches, while, as journalist, the acrimony of his polemical writings made him a redoubtable adversary. Though an ardent supporter of the historic Right, and, as such, entrusted by the Lanza cabinet with the defence of the law of guarantees in 1870, he was no respecter of persons, his

caustic

CAUSTIC (Gr. rcavvraubs, burning)

tongue sparing neither friend nor foe. Appointed minister for public instruction in 1873, he, with feverish activity, reformed the Italian educational system, suppressed the privileges of the university of Naples, founded the Vittorio Emanuele library in Rome, and prevented the

establishment

ESTABLISHMENT (0. Fr. establissement, Fr. etablissement,
late
- LATE
Norm. Fr. establishement, from O. Fr. establir, Fr. etablir, Lat. stabilire, to make stable)

of a Catholic university in the

capital

CAPITAL (i.e. capital stock or fund)
CAPITAL (Lat. caput, head)

. Upon the fall of the Right from power in 1876 he joined the opposition, and, with characteristic vivacity, protracted during two months the debate on Baccelli's University Reform Bill, securing, single-handed, its rejection. A bitter critic of King

Humbert

HUMBERT, RANIERI CARLO EMANUELE GIOVANNI MARIA FERDINANDO EUGENIO, KING OF ITALY (1844-1900)

, both in the Perseveranza and in the Nuova Antologia, he was, in 1893, excluded from court, only securing readmission shortly before his death on the 22nd of October 1895. In foreign policy a Francophil, he combated the Triple Alliance, and took considerable part in the organization of the inter-parliamentary peace conference. (H. W. S.)

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