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Encyclopedia Britannica



BONCHAMPS, CHARLES MELCHIOR ARTUS, MARQUIS DE (c. 1760-1793)

This article appears in Volume V04, Page 198 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: BLA-BOS
BONCHAMPS, CHARLES MELCHIOR ARTUS, MARQUIS DE (c. 1760-1793) , Vendean
leader
 , was born at Jouverteil, Anjou. He gained his first military experience in the American War of Independence, and on his return to France was made a captain of grenadiers in the French army. He was a staunch upholder of the monarchy, and at the outbreak of the French Revolution resigned his command and retired to his chateau at St Florent. In_ the
spring
  of 1793 he was chosen
leader
  by the insurgents of the Vendee, and to his counsels may be attributed in
great
  measure the success of the peasants' arms. He was present at the taking of Bressuire, Thouars and Fontenay, at which last place he was wounded; but dissensions among their leaders weakened the insurgents, and at the bloody battle of
Cholet
  (October 1793) the Vendeans sustained a severe defeat and
Bonchamps
  was mortally wounded. He died the next day. It is said that his last act was the pardoning of five thousand republican prisoners, whom his troops had sworn to kill in revenge for his death. A statue of him by
David
  d'Angers stands in the
church
  of St Florent.


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