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Encyclopedia Britannica



BOLSENA (anc. Volsinii)

This article appears in Volume V04, Page 179 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: BLA-BOS
BOLSENA (anc. Volsinii) ,' a town of the province of Rome, Italy, 12 M. W.S.W. of Orvieto by road, situated on the north-
east
  bank of the lake of Bolsena. Pop. (1901) 3286. The town is dominated by a picturesque medieval castle, and contains the church of S. Christina (martyred by drowning in the lake, according to the legend, in 278) which
dates
  from the IIth century and contains some frescoes, perhaps of the school of Giotto. It has a fine Renaissance facade, constructed about 1500 by Cardinal Giovanni de' Medici (afterwards
Pope
  Leo X.), and some good terra cottas by the Della Robbia. Beneath the church are catacombs, with the tomb of the saint, discovered in 188o (E. Stevenson in Notizie degli Scavi, 188o, 262; G. B. de Rossi in Bullettino d'Archeologia Cristiana, 188o, log). At one of the altars in this crypt occurred the miracle of Bolsena in 1263. A Bohemian priest, sceptical of the
doctrine
  of transubstantiation, was convinced of its truth by the
appearance
  of drops of blood on the host he was consecrating. In commemoration of this
Pope
  Urban IV. instituted the festival of Corpus Christi, and ordered the erection of the
cathedral
  of Orvieto. The miracle forms the subject of a celebrated fresco by Raphael in the Vatican.
The Lake of Bolsena (anc. Lacus Volsiniensis), 'coo ft. above sea-level, 71 sq. m. in area, and 48o ft. deep, is almost circular, and was the central point of a large volcanic
district
 , though it is probably not itself an
extinct
  crater. Its sides show fine basaltic formation in places. It abounds in fish, but its banks are some-what deserted and not free from malaria. It contains two islands, Bisentina and Martana, the former containing a church constructed by Vignola, the latter remains of the castle where Amalasuntha, the daughter of Theodoric, was imprisoned and strangled. (T. As.)


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