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Encyclopedia Britannica



BOLGARI, or BOLGARY

This article appears in Volume V04, Page 161 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: BLA-BOS
BOLGARI, or BOLGARY , a ruined town of Russia, in the government of Kazan, 4 M. from the left bank of the
Volga
 , in 550 N. lat. It is generally considered to have been the
capital
  of the Bulgarians when they were established in that part of Europe (5th to 15th century). Ruins of the old walls and towers still survive, as well as numerous kurgans or burial-mounds, with
inscriptions
 , some in Arabic (1222-1341), others in Armenian (years 557, 984 and 986), and yet others in Turkic. Upon being opened these tombs were found to contain weapons, implements, utensils, and silver and copper coins, bearing
inscriptions
 ,
' Letters and Papers, x. 358.
2 " Sanuto Diaries," October 31, 1532, in Cal. of St. Pap. Venetian, iv. p. 365.
'
Original
  Letters, ed. by Sir H. Ellis, I ser. ii. 37, and Cal. of St. Pap. Venetian, iv. 351, 418.
iv. 6some in
ordinary
  Arabic, others in Kufic (a kind of epigraphic Arabic). These and other antiquities collected here (1722) are preserved in museums at Kazan, Moscow and St
Petersburg
 . The ruins, which were practically discovered in the reign of Peter the
Great
 , were visited and described by Pallas, Humboldt and others. The city of Bolgari was destroyed by the Mongols in 1238, and again by Tamerlane early in the following century, after which it served as the
capital
  of the Khans (sovereign princes) of the Golden
Horde
  of Mongols, and finally, in the second half of the 15th century it became a part of the principality of Kazan, and so eventually of Russia. The Arab geographer Ibn Haukal states that in his time, near the end of the Toth century, it was a place of 1o,000 inhabitants.
See Ibn Fadhlan, Nachrichten fiber die Wolga Bulgaren (Ger. trans. by Frahn, St
Petersburg
 , 1832).


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