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Encyclopedia Britannica



BLUMENBACH, JOHANN FRIEDRICH (17521840)

This article appears in Volume V04, Page 92 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: BLA-BOS
BLUMENBACH, JOHANN FRIEDRICH (17521840) , German physiologist and anthropologist, was born at Gotha on the 11th of May 1752. After studying
medicine
  at Jena, he graduated
doctor
  at Gottingen in 1775, and was appointed extraordinary professor of
medicine
  in 1776 and
ordinary
  professor in 1778. He died at Gottingen on the 22nd of January 184o. He was the author of Institutiones Physiologicae (1787), and of a Hand-buck der vergleichenden Anatomie (1804), both of which were very popular and went through many editions, but he is best known for his
work
  in connexion with
anthropology
 , of which science he has been justly called the founder. He was the first to show the value of
comparative
  anatomy in the study of man's history, and his craniometrical researches justified his division of the human race into several
great
  varieties or families, of which he enumerated fivethe Caucasian or
white
  race, the Mongolian or yellow, the Malayan or brown race, the Negro or black race, and the American or red race. This
classification
  has been very generally received, and most later schemes have been modifications of it. His most important anthropological
work
  was his description of sixty human crania published originally in fasciculi under the title Collectionis suae craniorum diversarum gentium illustratae decades (Gottingen, 17901828).


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