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Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: BLA-BOS |
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BLOEMFONTEIN , capital of the Orange Free State, in 29 8' S., 26 18' E. It is situated on the open veld, surrounded by a few low kopjes, 4518 ft. above the sea, 105 M. by rail E. by S. of Kimberley, 750 N.E. by E. of Cape Town, 45o N. by E. of Port Elizabeth, and 257 S.W. of Johannesburg.Bloemfontein is a very pleasant town, regularly laid out with streets running at right angles and a large central market square. Many of the houses are surrounded by large wooded gardens. Through the town runs the Bloemspruit. After a disastrous flood in 1904 the course of this spring was straightened and six stone bridges placed across it. There are several fine public buildings, mostly built of red brick and a fine-grained white stone quarried in the neighbourhood. The Raadzaal, a building in the Renaissance style, faces Market Square. Formerly the meeting-place of the Orange Free State Raad, it is now the seatof the provincial council. In front of the old Raadzaal (used as law courts) is a statue of President Brand. In Douglas Street is an unpretentious building used in turn as a church, a raadzaal, a court-house
chief
establishment
original
governor of Cape Colony. The post and telegraph office in Market Square is one of the finest buildings in the town. The public library i's housed in a handsome building in Warden Street. Opposite it is the new national museum.Bloemfontein possesses few manufactures, but is the trading centre of the province. Having a dry healthy climate, it is a favourite residential town and a resort for invalids, being recommended especially for pulmonary disease. The mean maximum temperature is 76.7 Fahr., the mean minimum 45.8; the mean annual rainfall about 24 in. There is an excellent water- supply , obtained partly from Bloemspruit, but principally from the Modder river at Sanna's Post, 22M. to the east, and from reservoirs at Moches Dam and Magdepoort.The population in 1904 was 33,883, of whom, including the garrison of 3487, 15,501 were white, compared with a white population of 2077 in 1890. The coloured inhabitants are mostly Bechuana and Basuto. Most of the whites are of British origin, and English is the common language of all, including the Dutch. The spruit or spring which gives its name to the town was called after one of the emigrant farmers, Jan Bloem. The town dates from 1846, in which year Major H. D. Warden, then British resident
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