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Encyclopedia Britannica



BLINDNESS

This article appears in Volume V04, Page 60 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: BLA-BOS
BLINDNESS , the
condition
  of being blind (a common Teutonic word), i.e. devoid of sight (see also Vlsiou; and EYE: Diseases). The data furnished in various countries by the census of 1901 showed generally a decrease in blindness, due to the progress in medical science, use of antiseptics, better sanitation,
control
  of infectious diseases, and better
protection
  in shops and factories. Blindness is much more common in hot countries than in temperate and cold regions, but Finland and Iceland are exceptions to the general
rule
 .' In hot countries the eyes are affected by the glaring sunlight, the dust and the dryness of the air, From statistics in Italy, France and Belgium, localities on the
coast
  seem to have more blind persons than those at a distance from the sea.
There are no
late
  returns for Iceland, but the last available statistics gave 340o per million. A
paper
  written in 1903 on blindness in
Egypt
  stated that 1 in every 50 of the population was blind.
The following table gives the number of blind persons as reported in the census of each country. Unless otherwise stated, it refers to the statistics of 1900.
Country. Total Number
per Million
Number. of Population.
Austria 14,582 540
Belgium 3448 487
Canada 3279 610
Denmark 1047 427
England 25,317 778
France 27,174 698
Finland' 3229 1191
Hungary
  19,377 1006
Ireland 4263 954
Italy . 38",160 1175
Holland (1890) 2114 414
Norway 1879 838.
Portugal 5650 1040
Sweden 3413 664
Switzerland (1895) 2107 722
Scotland
  3253 727
Spain (1877) 24,608 1006
Russia about 2000
United States (corrected census) . 85,662 1125


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