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Encyclopedia Britannica



BIVOUAC (a French word generally said to have been introduced during the Thirty Years' War, perhaps derived from Beiwacht, extra guard)

This article appears in Volume V04, Page 15 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: BER-BLA
BIVOUAC (a French word generally said to have been introduced during the Thirty Years' War, perhaps derived from Beiwacht, extra guard) , originally, a night-
watch
  by a whole army under arms to prevent surprise. In
modern
  military par-lance the word is used to mean a temporary encampment in the open
field
  without tents, as opposed to " billets " or " cantonment " on the one hand and "
camp
  " on the other. The use of bivouacs permits an army to remain closely concentrated for all emergencies, and avoids the necessity for numerous wagons. carrying tents.
Constant
  bivouacs, however, are trying to the
health
  of men and horses, and this method of quartering is never employed except when the military situation demands concentration and . readiness. Thus the outposts would often have to bivouac while the
main
 
body
  of the army lay in billets.


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