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Encyclopedia Britannica



BIRUNI

This article appears in Volume V03, Page 991 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: BER-BLA
BIRUNI ABU-R-RAII;IAN MUHAMMAD AL-BIRUNI] (973-1048), Arabian scholar, was born of Persian parentage in Khwarizm (
Khiva
 ), and was a Shi'ite in religion. He devoted his youth to the study of history, chronology,
mathematics
 , astronomy, philosophy and
medicine
 . He corresponded with Ibn Slna (see AVICENNA), and the answers of the latter are still preserved in the British Museum. For some years he lived in Jurjan, and then went to India, where he remained some years teaching Greek philosophy and learning Indian. In 1017 he was taken by Mahmud of Ghazni to Afghanistan, where he remained until his death in 1048. His Athar ul-Bakiya (Vestiges of the Past) was published by C. E. Sachau (
Leipzig
 , 1878), and a
translation
  into
English
  under the
title
  The Chronology of Ancient Nations (London, 1879). His History of India was published by C. E. Sachau (London, 1887), and an
English
 
translation
  (2 vols., London, 1888). Other works of his, chiefly on
mathematics
  and astronomy, are still in
manuscript
  only.
See C. Brockelmann, Geschichte der arabischen Litteratur (
Weimar
 , 1898), vol. i. pp. 475-476. (G. W. T.)


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