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Encyclopedia Britannica



BIRR, or PARSONSTOWN

This article appears in Volume V03, Page 989 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: BER-BLA
BIRR, or PARSONSTOWN , a market-town of King's county, Ireland, on an acclivity rising above the Birr, and on a branch of the
Great
  Southern & Western railway by which it is 87 m. W.S.W. from Dublin. Pop. of urban
district
  (1901) 4438. Cumberland Square, in which there is a Doric column surmounted by a statue of the duke of Cumberland, to commemorate the battle of Culloden, is the point from which the several principal streets diverge in regular form. The fine castle of Birr, beside its historical
interest
 , has gained celebrity on account of the reflecting telescope erected here (1828-1845) by William, third
earl
  of Rosse. This is 56 ft. in length and weighs 3 tons; and there is another smaller
instrument
 . Among institutions the model and preparatory schools of the
Brothers
  of the Presentation Order are noteworthy. There is a bronze statue by Foley of Lord Rosse (d. 1867). Some
trade
  is carried on in corn and timber, and in brewing and distilling.
An abbey was founded at Birr by St Brendan (d. 573), to whom the present parish church is dedicated. The
district
  formed part of Ely O'
Carroll
 , and was not included in King's county till the time of James I. A
great
  battle is said to have been fought near Birr in the 3rd century between Cormac, son of Cond of the Hundred Battles, and the people of Munster. The castle was the
chief
  seat of the O'Carrolls. In the reign of James I. it and its appendages were assigned to Lawrence
Parsons
 , brother of Sir William
Parsons
 , surveyor-general. From him the alternative name of the town is derived. The castle was more than once besieged in the time of Cromwell, and was taken by Ireton in 165o. It also suffered assault in 1688 and 169o.


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