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Encyclopedia Britannica



BILMA, or KAWAR

This article appears in Volume V03, Page 945 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: BER-BLA
BILMA, or KAWAR , an
oasis
  in the heart of the Sahara desert, some 6o m.
long
  by 10 broad. The inhabitants are Tibbu and Kanuri. The name Bilma is properly confined to the southern part of this region, where is the
chief
 
settlement
 , called Bilma or Garu. This place is Soo m. due S. of the town of
Tripoli
  and about 350 N. of the N.W. corner of Lake Chad. In the vicinity are a number of lakes, the waters of which on evaporation yield large quantities of very pure and fine salt, which is the object of an extensive
trade
  with the countries of Central Africa. North of Bilma is the town of Dirki, said to date from the 11th century. Near Bilma is a small circular
oasis
 , kept green by a fine
spring
 , but immediately to the
south
  begins the most dreary part of the Saharan desert, over which the caravans travel for fifteen days without discovering the slightest trace of vegetable life. Gustav Nachtigal, who visited Bilma in 187o, records that the temperature during the day rarely sank below 113 Fahr. By the Anglo-French Declaration of the 21st of
March
  1899 Bilma was included in the French sphere of influence in West Africa. Turkey claimed the oasis as part of the hinter-land of
Tripoli
  and garrisoned Bilma in 1902. In 1906, however, a French force from Zinder occupied the town, no opposition being offered by the Ottoman authorities. In 1907 the oasis and surrounding
district
  was created a circle of the Military Territory of the Niger (see SAHARA).


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