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Encyclopedia Britannica



BIEL, GABRIEL (c. 14251495)

This article appears in Volume V03, Page 920 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: BER-BLA
BIEL, GABRIEL (c. 14251495) , scholastic philosopher, was born at Spires (Speier). He was the first professor of theology at the newly founded (14.77) university of Tubingen, of which he was twice
rector
 . Some years before his death he entered a religious fraternity. His
work
  consists in the systematic development of the views of his master, William of Occam. His Epitome et Collectorium ex Occamo super libros quatuor Sentential-um (15o8, 1512, and various
dates
 ) is a clear and consistent account of the nominalist
doctrine
 , and presents the complete system of scholastic thought from that point of view. The empirical individualism of the
work
 , tending necessarily to limit the province of reason and extend that of faith, together with scattered utterances on
special
  points, which gained for Biel the title of Papista Antipapista, had considerable influence in giving form to the doctrines of Luther and Melanchthon. It is the best specimen of the final aspect of
scholasticism
 . His other works also have been frequently reprinted. The title Ultimus Scholasticorum is often wrongly bestowed on Biel; scholasticismdid not cease with him, even in Germany, and continued to flourish long after his time in the universities of Spain.
See Linsenmann, in Theologischen Quartalschrift (Tubingen, 1865); Stockl, Phil. d. Mittelalt. ii. 269; H. Plitt, Gabriel Biel als Prediger (Erlangen, 1879) ; art. s.v. by P. Tschackert in
Herzog
 -Hauck, Realencyklopadie, vol. iii. (1897) ; W. Roscher, Ges. d. Nationalokonomnik (
Munich
 , 1874), pp. 21-28; and works quoted under


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