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Encyclopedia Britannica



BIELEFELD

This article appears in Volume V03, Page 920 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: BER-BLA
BIELEFELD , a town of Germany, in the Prussian province of Westphalia, 68 m. S.W. from Hanover on the main line to Cologne. Pop. (1885) 34,931; (1905) 71,797 It is situated at the foot of the Teutoburger Wald, and consists of two portions, separated by the river Lutter, which were first united into one town in 1520. Among its public buildings and institutions are the old town church, with a curious carved altar-piece, the town
hall
 , the gymnasium and the provincial industrial school. On the height above the town is the old castle of Sparenburg, built in the 12th century by Bernhard,
count
  of Lippe. It was for a long time employed as a prison, but was restored after its destruction by fire in 1877 and now contains a historical museum. Bielefeld is the centre of the Westphalian linen industry. It has also important plush, silk and hosiery manufactures, as well as extensive bleaching works, and does a very large export
trade
  to all parts of the world in these branches. Engines, automobiles, biscuits, glass, pianos, furniture and
paper
  are also manufactured.
Bielefeld is mentioned as early as the 9th century, as Belanvelde, but its first recorded mention as a town is in 1233. It belonged at this time to the
counts
  of Ravensberg, who often resided in the Sparenburg. It joined the Hanseatic league in 1270, and about the same time began to engage in the linen manufacture, which was greatly extended during the 16th and 17th centuries by a number of refugees from the
Netherlands
 . In 1347 the town passed with the countship of Ravensberg to the duchy of Jiilich, and in 1666 to that of Brandenburg.


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