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Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: BER-BLA |
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BESSITRES, JEAN BAPTISTE , duke of Istria (1768-1813), French marshal, was born near Cahors in 1768. He served for a short time in the " Constitutional Guard " of Louis XVI. and as a non-commissioned officer took part in the war against Spain. In the Army of the Eastern Pyrenees and in the Army of the Moselle he repeatedly distinguished himself for valour, and in 1796, as captain, he served in Bonaparte's Italian campaign. At Roveredo his conduct brought him to his chief
Napoleon
Napoleon
campaigns of the Grande ArmOe as colonel-general of the Guard Cavalry (1805, 18o6, r8o7). In 1805 he had received the Grand Eagle of the Legion of Honour, and in 1800 was created duke of Istria. With the outbreak of the Peninsular War, Marshal Bessieres had his first opportunity of an independent command, and his crushing victory over the Spaniards at Medina del Rio Seco (18o8) justified Napoleon's choice. When disaster in other parts of the theatre of war called Napoleon himself to the Peninsula, Bessieres continued to give the emperor the very greatest assistance in his campaign. In 1809 he was again with the Grande Armee in the Danube valley. At Essling his repeated and desperate charges checked the Austrians in the full tide of their success. At Wagram he had a horse killed under him. Replacing Bernadotte in the command of the Army of the North, a little later in the same year, the newly-created duke of Istria successfully opposed the British Walcheren expedition, and in 1811 he was back again, in a still more important command, in Spain. As 1\Iassena's second-in-command he was present at the battle of Fuentes d'Onoro, but Napoleon never detached him for very long, and in 1812 he commanded the Guard Cavalry at Borodino and in the retreat from Moscow. Wherever engaged he won further distinction, and at the beginning of the 1813 campaign he was appointed to the command of the whole of Napoleon's cavalry. Three days after the opening of the campaign, while reconnoitring the defile of Poserna-Rippach, Bessieres was killed by a musket
commander
His younger brother, BERTRAND, BARON BESSIERES (1773-18S5), was a distinguished divisional leader under Napoleon. After serving with a good record in Italy, in Egypt and at Hohenlinden, he had a command in the Grande Armee, and in 18o8 was sent to Spain. He commanded a division in Catalonia and played a notable part at the action of Molina de Rey near Barcelona
list
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