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Encyclopedia Britannica



BERTRAND, HENRI GRATIEN, COMTE (1773-1844)

This article appears in Volume V03, Page 814 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: BEC-BER
BERTRAND, HENRI GRATIEN, COMTE (1773-1844) , French general, was born at Chateauroux. At the outbreak of the Revolution, he had just finished his studies, and he entered the army as a volunteer. During the expedition to
Egypt
 ,
Napoleon
  named him colonel (1798), then brigadier-general, and after Austerlitz his aide-de-camp. His
life
  was henceforth closely bound up with that of
Napoleon
 , who had the fullest confidence in him, honouring him in 1813 with the title of grand
marshal
  of the
court
 . It was Bertrand who in 1809 directed the building of the bridges by which the French army crossed the
Danube
  at Wagram. In 1813, after the battle of
Leipzig
 , it was due to his initiative that the French army was not totally destroyed. He accompanied Napoleon to Elba in 1814, returned with him in 1815, held a command in the Waterloo campaign, and then, after the defeat, accompanied Napoleon to St
Helena
 . He did not return to France until after Napoleon's death, and then Louis XVIII. allowed him to retain his rank, and he was elected
deputy
  in 1830. In 1840 he was chosen to go to bring Napoleon's remains to France. He died at Chateauroux on the 31st of January 1844. His touching fidelity has made his name very popular in France.


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