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Encyclopedia Britannica



BERNICIA

This article appears in Volume V03, Page 803 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: BEC-BER
BERNICIA , the northern of the two English kingdoms which were eventually united in the kingdom of Northumbria. Its territory is said to have stretched from the Tyne northwards, ultimately reaching the Forth, while its western frontier was gradually extended at the expense of the Welsh. The
chief
  royal residence was Bamburgh, and near it was the
island
  of Lindisfarne, afterwards the see of a
bishop
 . The first king of whom we have any
record
  is Ida, who is said to have obtained the throne about 547. IEthelfrith, king of Bernicia, united Deira to his own kingdom, probably about 6o5, and the union continued under his successor Edwin, son of Ella or IElle, king of Deira. Bernicia was again
separate
  from Deira under Eanfrith, son of lEthelfrith (633634), after which date the kings of Bernicia were supreme in Northumbria, though for a short time under Oswio Deira had a king of its own.
See Bede, Hist. Eccles. ii. 14, iii. 1, 14; Nennius, 63; Simeon of Durham, i. 339. (F. G. M. B.) BERNICIAN
SERIES
 , in geology, a
term
  proposed by S. P. Woodward in 1856 (
Manual
  of Mollusca, p. 409) for the lower portion of the Carboniferous System,below the Millstone Grit. The name was suggested by that of the ancient province of Bernicia on the Anglo-Scottish borderland. It is practically equivalent to the " Dinantien " of A. de Lapparent and Munier-Chalmas (1893). In 1875 G. Tate's " Calcareous and Carbonaceous " groups of the Carboniferous Limestone
series
  of Northumberland were united by Professor Lebour into a single series, to which he applied the name " Bernician "; but later he speaks of the whole of the Carboniferous rocks of Northumberland and its
borders as of the" Bernician type," which is the most satisfactory way in which the
term
  may now be used (Report of the Brit. Sub-committee on Classification and Nomenclature, 2nd ed.,
Cambridge
 , 1888). " Demetian " was the corresponding designation proposed by Woodward for the Upper Carboniferous rocks.


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