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Encyclopedia Britannica



BERGAMOT, OIL OF

This article appears in Volume V03, Page 772 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: BEC-BER
BERGAMOT, OIL OF , an essential oil obfained from the rind of the fruit of the Citrus berganzia. The bergamot is a smalltree with leaves and
flowers
  like the
bitter
  orange, and a round fruit nearly 3 in. in
diameter
 , having a thin lemon-yellow smooth rind. The tree is cultivated in southern
Calabria
 , whence the entire
supply
  of bergamot oil is
drawn
 . Machinery is mostly used to express the oil from the fruit, which is gathered in November and December. The oil, which on
standing
  deposits a stearoptene, bergamot camphor or bergaptene, is a limpid greenish-yellow fluid of a specific gravity of o882 to o.886, and its powerful but pleasant odour is mainly due to the presence of linalyl acetate, or bergamiol, which can be artificially prepared by
heating
  linalol with acetic anhydride. The
chief
  use of bergamot oil is in
perfumery
 . The word apparently is derived from the Italian town Bergamo. The name Bergamot, for a variety of pear, is an entirely different word, supposed to be a corruption of the Turkish beg-armudi ( = prince's pear; cf. Ger. Fiirstenbirn).


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