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Encyclopedia Britannica



BERENICE

This article appears in Volume V03, Page 770 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: BEC-BER
BERENICE , an ancient seaport of
Egypt
 , on the west
coast
  of the Red Sea, in 23 56' N., 35 34' E. Built at the head of a gulf, the Sinus Immundus, or Foul Bay, of Strabo, it was sheltered on the north by Ras Benas (Lepte Extrema). The port is now nearly filled up, has a sand-bar at its entrance and can be reached only by small craft. Most important of the ruins is a temple; the remnants of its sculptures and
inscriptions
  preserve the name of Tiberius and the figures of many deities, including a goddess
1 Alabarch or Arabarch (Gr. ItXat3&Pxrs, or 1cpai3(pxos), the name of the head
magistrate
  of the
Jews
  in Alexandria under the Ptolemaic and Roman rules.
i
of the
emerald
  mines. Berenice was founded by
Ptolemy
  II. (285-247 B.c.) in order to shorten the dangerous Red Sea voyages, and was named in honour of his
mother
 . For four or five centuries it became the entrep6t of
trade
  between India, Arabia and Upper
Egypt
 . From it a road, provided with watering stations, leads north-west across the desert to the Nile at Coptos. In the neighbourhood of Berenice are the
emerald
  mines of Zabara and Saket.


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