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Encyclopedia Britannica



BELLONA (originally DUELLONA)

This article appears in Volume V03, Page 704 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: BEC-BER
BELLONA (originally DUELLONA) , in Roman mythology, the goddess of war (helium, i.e. duellum), corresponding to the Greek Enyo. By later mythologists she is called sometimes the
sister
 , daughter or wife of Mars, sometimes his charioteer or nurse. Her
worship
  appears to have been promoted in Rome chiefly by the family of the Claudii, whose Sabine origin, together with their use of the name of " Nero," has suggested an identification of
Bellona
  with the Sabine war goddess Nerio, herself identified, like
Bellona
 , with Virtus. Her temple at Rome, dedicated by Appius
Claudius
  Caecus (296 B.C.) during a battle with the Samnites and Etruscans (Ovid,
Fasti
  vi. 201), stood in the Campus
Martius
 , near the Flaminian
Circus
 , and outside the gates of the city. It was there that the senate met to discuss a general's claim to a
triumph
 , and to receive ambassadors from foreign states. In front of it was the columna bellica, where the ceremony of declaring war by the fetialis was performed. From this native Italian goddess is to be distinguished the Asiatic Bellona, whose
worship
  was introduced into Rome from Comana, in Cappadocia, apparently by Sulla, to whom she had appeared, urging him to
march
  to Rome and bathe in the blood of his enemies (Plutarch, Sulla, 9). For her a new temple was built, and a college of priests (Bellonarii) instituted to conduct her fanatical rites, the prominent feature of which was to lacerate themselves and sprinkle the blood on the spectators (Tibullus i. 6. 45-50). To make the scene more grim they wore black dresses (Tertullian, De Pallio) from head to foot. The festival of Bellona, which originally took place on the 3rd of June, was altered to the 24th of
March
 , after the confusion of the Roman Bellona with her Asiatic namesake.
See Tiesler, De Bellonae Cultu (1842).


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