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Encyclopedia Britannica



BEERSHEBA

This article appears in Volume V03, Page 644 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: BEC-BER
BEERSHEBA , a place midway between Gaza and Hebron (28 m. from each), frequently referred to in the Bible as the southern limit of Palestine ("Dan to Beersheba," Judg. xx. 1, &c.) Its foundation is variously ascribed to Abraham and Isaac, and different etymologies for its name are suggested, in the fundamental documents of
Genesis
  (xxi. 22, xxvi. 26). It was an important holy place, where Abraham planted a sacred tree (Gen. xxi. 23), and where divine manifestations were vouchsafed to Hagar (Gen. xxi. 17), Isaac (xxvi. 24), Jacob (xlvi. 2) and Elijah (1 Kings xix. 5). Amos mentions it in connexion with the shrines of Bethel and
Gilgal
  (Amos v. 5) and denounces oaths by its numen (viii. 14). The most probable meaning of the name is " seven wells," despite the non-Semitic construction involved in this interpretation. Seven ancient wells still exist here, though two are stopped up.
Eusebius
  and Jerome mention the place in the 4th century as a large
village
  and the seat of a Roman garrison. Extensive remains of this
village
  exist, though they are being rapidly quarried away for building; some
inscriptions
  of
great
  importance have been found here. Later it appears to have been the site of a bishopric; remains of its churches were still
standing
  in the 14th century. Some fine mosaics have been here unearthed and immediately destroyed, in sheer wantonness, by the natives
quarrying
  building-stone. The Biblical Beersheba probably exists at Bir es-Seba', 2 M. distant.


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