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Encyclopedia Britannica



BAYAZID, or BAJAZET

This article appears in Volume V03, Page 555 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: BAR-BEC
BAYAZID, or BAJAZET , a border fortress of Asiatic Turkey,
chief
  town of a sanjak of the Erzerum vilayet, situated close to the frontiers of Russia and Persia, and looking across a marshy plain to the
great
 
cone
  of Ararat, at a general altitude of 6000 ft. It occupies a site of
great
  antiquity, as the cuneiform
inscriptions
  on the neighbouring rocks testify; it stands on the site of the old Armenian town of Pakovan. It is picturesquely situated in an amphitheatre of
sharp
 , rocky hills. The great trade route from
Trebizond
  by Erzerum into N.W. Persia crosses the frontier at Kizil Dize a few miles to the
south
  and does not enter the town. A knoll above the town is occupied by the half-ruined fort or palace of former governors, built for Mahmud Pasha by a Persian architect and considered one of the most beautiful buildings in Turkey. It contains two churches and a monastery, the Kasa Kilissa, famous for its antiquity and architectural grandeur. The cuneiform
inscriptions
  are on the rock pinnacles above the town, with some rock chambers, indicating a town or fortress of the Vannic period. The population has lately decreased and now numbers about 4000. A Russian
consul
  resides here and the town is a military station. It was captured during the Russian campaigns of 1828 and 1854, also in 1878, but was then recaptured by the Turks, who subjected the Russian garrison to a long siege; the place was ultimately relieved, but a massacre of Christians then took place in the streets. Bayazid was restored to Turkey by the treaty of Berlin.


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