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Encyclopedia Britannica



BAYAMO

This article appears in Volume V03, Page 554 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: BAR-BEC
BAYAMO , an old inland city on the N. slope of the Sierra Maestra in Santiago province, Cuba. Pop. (1907) 4102. It lies on a plain by the Bayamo river, in a fertile country, but isolated from sea and from railway. Its older parts are extraordinarily irregular. The streets are of all widths, and of all degrees of crookedness, and run in all directions. Bayamo was the third of the seven cities founded by Diego
Velazquez
 , and was established in 1513. During much of the 16th century it was one of the most important agricultural and commercial settlements of the
island
 . Its inland situation gave it relative security against the pirates who then infested West Indian seas, and the misfortunes of Santiago were the fortunes of Bayamo. Down the river Cauto, then open to the sea for vessels of 200 tons, and through Manzanillo, Bayamo drove a thriving contraband
trade
  that made it at the opening of the 17th century the leading town of Cuba. A tremendous flood, in 1616, choking the Cauto with trees and
wrecked vessels, cut it off from direct access to the sea; but through Manzanillo it continued a
great
  clandestine
traffic
  with
Curacao
 , Jamaica, and other foreign islands all through the 17th and 18th centuries. Bayamo was then surrounded by fine plantations. It was a
rich
  and turbulent city. In the war of 186878 it was an insurgent stronghold; near it was fought one of the most desperate conflicts of the war, and it was nearly destroyed by the opposing parties. Bayamo was the birthplace and the
home
  of Carlos
Manuel
  de Cespedes (1819-1874), first president of the " first " Cuban republic, and was also the birthplace and
home
  of Tomas
Estrada
  Palma (18351908), first president of the present Cuban republic.


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