BAUTAIN, LOUIS EUGENE MARIE (1796-1867)

This article appears in Volume V03, Page 541 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

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BAUTAIN, LOUIS EUGENE MARIE (1796-1867) , French philosopher and theologian, was born at Paris. At the Ecole Normale he came under the influence of

Cousin

COUSIN (Fr. cousin, Ital. cugino, Late Lat. cosinus, perhaps a popular and
familiar
- FAMILIAR (through the Fr. familier, from Lat. familiaris, of or belonging to the familia, family)
abbreviation of consobrinus, which has the same sense in classical Latin)
COUSIN, JEAN (1500-1590)
COUSIN, VICTOR (1792–1867)

: In 1816 he adopted the profession of higher teaching, and was soon after called to the chair of philosophy in the university of Strassburg. He held this position for many years, and gave a parallel course of lectures as professor of the literary faculty in the same city. The reaction against speculative philosophy, which carried away De Maistre and Lamennais, influenced him also. In 1828 he took orders, and resigned his chair at the university. For several years he remained at Strassburg, lecturing at the Faculty and at the college of Juilly, but in 1849 he set out for Paris as

vicar

VICAR (Lat. vicarius, substitute)

of the diocese. At Paris he obtained considerable reputation as an orator, and in 1853 was made professor of moral theology at the theological faculty. This post he held till his death. Like the Scholastics, he distinguished reason and faith, and held that

revelation

REVELATION, BOOK OF

supplies facts, otherwise unattainable, which philosophy is able to group by scientific methods. Theology and philosophy thus form one comprehensive science. Yet

Bautain

BAUTAIN, LOUIS
EUGENE
- EUGENE
MARIE (1796-1867)

was no rationalist; like Pascal and Newman he exalted faith above reason. He pointed out, following chiefly the Kantian criticism, that reason can never yield knowledge of things in themselves. But there exists in addition to reason another faculty which may be called intelligence, through which w e are put in connexion with spiritual and invisible truth. This intelligence does not of itself yield a

body

BODY

of truth; it merely contains the germs of the higher ideas, and these are made productive by being brought into contact with revealed facts. This fundamental conception

Bautain

BAUTAIN, LOUIS
EUGENE
- EUGENE
MARIE (1796-1867)

worked out in the departments of psychology and morals. The details of this theology are highly imaginative. He says, for instance, that there is a spirit of the world and a spirit of nature; the latter gives

birth

BIRTH (a word common in various forms to Teutonic languages from the root of the verb " to bear ")

to a

physical

PHYSICAL

and psychical spirit, and the

physical

PHYSICAL

spirit to the animal and vegetable spirits. His theories may well be compared with the arbitrary

mysticism

MYSTICISM (from Or. µuety, to shut the eyes; µuorrts, one initiated into the mysteries)

of van Helmont and the Gnostics. The most important of his works are :Philosophie du C'hristianisme (1835); Psychologie experimentale (1839), new edition entitled Esprit humain et ses facultes (1859); Philosophie morale (1840); Religion et liberte (1848); La Morale de l'evangile comparee aux divers systemes de morale (Strassburg, 1827; Paris, 1855); De l'education publique en France au XIX e siecle (Paris, 1876).

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