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Encyclopedia Britannica



BAUMGARTEN, ALEXANDER GOTTLIEB (1714-1762)

This article appears in Volume V03, Page 540 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: BAR-BEC
BAUMGARTEN, ALEXANDER GOTTLIEB (1714-1762) , German philosopher, born at Berlin. ' He studied at
Halle
 , and became professor of philosophy at
Halle
  and at Frankfort on the Oder, where he died in 1762. He was a disciple of
Leibnitz
  and Wolff, and was particularly distinguished as having been the first to establish the Theory of the Beautiful as an independent science. Baumgarten did good service in severing aesthetics (q.v.) from the other philosophic disciplines, and in marking out a definite object for its researches. The very name (Aesthetics), which Baumgarten was the first to use, indicates the imperfect and partial nature of his
analysis
 , pointing as it doesto an
element
  so variable as feeling or sensation as the ultimate ground of judgment in questions pertaining to beauty. It is important
to notice that Baumgarten's first
work
  preceded those of
Burke
 , Diderot, and P. Andre, and that Kant had a
great
  admiration for him. The
principal
  works of Baumgarten are the following: Disputationes de nonnullis ad poema pertinentibus (1735); Aesthetica; Metaphysica (1739; 7th ed. 1779); Ethica
philo
  sophica (1751, 2nd ed. 1763); Initia philosophiae practicae primae (176o). After his death, his pupils published a Philosophia Generalis (1770) and a Jus Naturae (1765), which he had left in
manuscript
 .
See Mcer, Baumgarten's Leben (1763); Abbt, Baumgarten's Leben and Charakter (1765) ; H. G. Meyer,
Leibnitz
  and Baumgarten (1874) ; J. Schmidt, Leibnitz and Baumgarten (Halle, 1875) ; and article


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