BATHONIAN SERIES

This article appears in Volume V03, Page 513 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: BAR-BEC

BATHONIAN SERIES , in geology. The typical Bathonian is the

Great

GREAT

Oolite

series

SERIES (a Latin word from serere, to join)

of England, and the name was derived from the " Bath Oelite," so extensively

mined

MINED

and quarried in the vicinity of that city, where the principal strata were first studied by W.

Smith

. The term was first used by J. d'Omalius d'ilalloy in 1843 (Precis Geol.) as a synonym for " Dogger "; but it was limited in 1849 by A. d'Orbigny (Pal. Franc. Jun. i. p. 607). In 1864 Mayer-Eymar (Tabl. Synchron.) used the word " Bathien "=

Bajocian

BAJOCIAN

+Bathonian (sen. str.). According to English practice, the Bathonian includes the,following formations in descending order: Cornbrash, Forest Marble with Bradford Clay,

Great

GREAT

or Bath Oolite, Stonesfield Slate and Fullers' Earth. (The Fullers' Earth is sometimes regarded as constituting a separate stage, the " Fullonian.") The " Bathonien " of some French geologists differs from the English Bathonian in that it includes at the base the zone of the ammonite Parkinsonia Parkinso-ni, which in England is placed at the summit of the Inferior Oolite. The Bathonian is the equivalent of the upper part of the " Dogger " (Middle Jurassic) of Germany, or to the base of the Upper Brown Jura (substage " E " of Quenstedt).
Rocks of Bathonian age arc well developed in Europe: in the N.W. and S.W. polite limestones are characteristically associated with coral-hearing, crinoidal and other varieties, and with certain beds of clay. In the N. and N.E., Russia, &c., clays, sandstones and ferruginous oolites prevail, some of the last being exploited for iron. They occur also in the extreme north of America and in the Arctic regions, Greenland, Franz Josef Land, &c.; in Africa, Algeria, German

East

EAST
EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

Africa, Madagascar and near the Cape (Enon Beds); in India, Rajputana and Gulf of Cutch, and in South America.
The well-known Caen stone of Normandy and " Hauptrogenstein" of Swabia, as well as the "Eisenkalk" of N.W. Germany, and " Klaus-Schichten " of the Austrian Alps, are of Bathonian age.
For a general account, see A. de Lapparent, Traite de g'ologie (5th ed., 1906), vol. ii.; see also the article JURASSIC. (J. A. H.)

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