BASTIAT, FREDERIC (18o1185o)

This article appears in Volume V03, Page 500 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: BAR-BEC

BASTIAT, FREDERIC (18o1185o) , French economist, was the son of a merchant of Bayonne, and was born in that town on the 29th of June 18o1. Educated at the colleges of Saint-Sever and of Soreze, he entered in 1818 the counting-

house

HOUSE
HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in
Gothic
- GOTHIC
it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

of his uncle at Bayonne. The

practical

PRACTICAL

routine of mercantile life being distasteful to him, in 1825 he retired to a property at Mugron, of which he became the owner on the death of his grandfather.
jure sanguinis, may succeed by destination, where he is specially called to the succession by entail or testament. In

Scotland

, as in England, a bastard can have no legal heirs except those of his own

body

BODY

; and hence, failing his lawful issue, the king succeeds to him as last

heir

HEIR (Lat. heres, from a root meaning to grasp, seen in heres or erus, master of a
house
- HOUSE
- HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in
  Gothic
  - GOTHIC
  it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)
, Gr. xeip, hand, Sans. hat ana, hand)

. Formerly bastards in

Scotland

without issue of their own could not make a will, but this disability was removed by a

statute

STATUTE

of 1835. If bastards or other persons without kindred die intestate without wife or child, their effects go to the king as ultimus haeres; but a grant is usually made of them by letters patent, and the grantee becomes entitled to the administration.
According to the common law, which is the law of England, a bastard cannot be divested of his state of illegitimacy, unless by the supreme power of an act of

parliament

PARLIAMENT (Anglo-Lat. parliamentum, Fr. parlement, from parler, to speak)

. But in those countries which have followed the Roman or civil law, a bastard's status may be provisional, and he can be made legitimate by the subsequent

marriage

MARRIAGE

of his parents. (See LEGITIMACY AND LEGITIMATION; and, for statistics, ILLEGITIMACY.)
AUTIIORITIEs.Bacquet, Traite de la batardise (1608) ; Du Cange,

Gloss

GLOSS, GLOSSARY

. Lat., infra " Bastardus "; L. G. Koen-igswater, Histoire de l'organisation de la amille en France (1851), and Essai sur les enfants nis hors manage (1842) ; E. D. Glasson, Histoire des droits et des institutions de l'Angleterre (6 vols., 1882-1883), Histoire du droit et des institutions, de la France (1887) ; Pollock and Maitland, History of English Law (1898); Stephen's Commentaries: Nicholls and Mackay, History of the English Poor Law (3 vols., 1898).

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