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Encyclopedia Britannica



BARONIUS, CAESAR (1538-1607)

This article appears in Volume V03, Page 424 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: BAR-BEC
BARONIUS, CAESAR (1538-1607) , Italian cardinal and ecclesiastical historian, was born at
Sora
 , and was educated at
Veroli
  and Naples. At Rome he joined the Oratory in 1557 under St Philip
Neri
  (q.v.) and succeeded him as superior in 1593 Clement VIII., whose confessor he was, made him cardinal in 1596 and librarian of the Vatican. At subsequent conclaves he was twice nearly elected
pope
 , but on each occasion was opposed by Spain on account of his
work
  On the Monarchy of Sicily, in which he supported the papal claims against those of the Spanish government. Baronius is best known by his Annales Ecclesiastici, undertaken by the order of St Philip as an answer to the Magdeburg Centuries. After nearly thirty years of lecturing on the history of the
Church
  at the Vallicella and being trained by St Philip as a
great
  man for a
great
 
work
 , he began to write, and produced twelve folios (1588-1607). In the Annales he treats history in strict chronological order and keeps theology in the background. In spite of many errors, especially in Greek history, in which he had to depend upon secondhand information, the work of Baronius stands as an honest attempt to write history, marked with a sincere love of truth. Sarpi, in urging Casaubon to write against Baronius, warns him never to charge or suspect him of bad faith, for no one who knew him could accuse him of disloyalty to truth. Baronius makes use of the words of St
Augustine
 : " I shall love with a
special
  love the man who most rigidly and severely corrects my errors." He also undertook a new edition to the Roman martyrology (1586), which he purified of many inaccuracies.
His Annales, which end in 1198, were continued by Rinaldi (9 vols., 16761677) ; by Laderchi (3 vols., 17281737) ; and by Theiner (3 vols., 1856). The most useful edition is that of Mans' (38 vols., lucca, 17381759), giving Pagi's corrections at the foot of each page. (E. TN.)


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