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Encyclopedia Britannica



BARCOCHEBAS

This article appears in Volume V03, Page 395 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: BAI-BAR
BARCOCHEBAS , BAR-COCHAB, or BAR KOKBA (" son of a
star
  "), the name given in Christian sources to one Simeon, the leader in the Jewish revolt against Rome in the time of Hadrian (A.D. 132135). The name does not appear in the Roman historians. In Rabbinic sources he is called Bar (Ben) Coziba, " son of deceit," which perhaps reflects the later verdict of condemnation recorded after his failure (root me "to be false"). Cochab is, therefore, the name either of his father or of his
home
 . But it is recorded that the
Rabbi
  `Agiba (q.v.), who recognized him as
Messiah
 , applied Num. xxiv. 17 to him,
reading
  not Cochab (" a
star
  "), but Cosiba (" goes forth from Jacob "); thus Bar-cochab is a Messianic title of the " man of Cozeba " (cf. Chron. iv. 22) whose
original
  name was recalled by later Rabbis with sinister intention. At first the Romans paid little attention to the insurgents, who were able to strike coins in the name of Simeon, prince of
Israel
 , and Eleazar the priest, and to persecute the Christians, who refused to join the revolt. But troops were collected and the various fortresses occupied by the
Jews
  were successively reduced. The end came with the fall of Beth-thar (Bethar). Extraordinary stories were told of the prowess of Barcochebas and of the ordeals to which he subjected his soldiers in the way of training.
See
Eusebius
  H.E. iv. 6; Dio
Cassius
  xix. 12-14; Scharer, Gesch. d. Volkes, 3rd ed. i. 682 ff. ; Derenbourg, Hist. de la Palest. 423 if. (distinguishes Barcochebas from Simeon) ; Schlattler, Gesch. Israels, 2nd ed. 303 ff.; articles
JEws
  and PALESTINE, History; alSO art. s.v. " Bar Kokba " in Jewish Encyc. (S. Krauss).


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