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Encyclopedia Britannica



BARCA (mod. Merj)

This article appears in Volume V03, Page 391 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: BAI-BAR
BARCA (mod. Merj) , an ancient city founded in the territory of Cyrene in the middle of the 6th century B.C. Rising quickly to importance it became a rival of the older city, and gave its name to the western province of the latter's territory. The name as a provincial designation is still in occasional use, but is now applied to all the province of Bengazi. Barca is said to have owed its origin to Greek refugees flying from the tyranny of Arcesilaus II. (see CYRENE), but it is certain that it was rather a Libyan than a Greek town at all times. A Persian force invited by the notorious Pheretima,
mother
  of Arcesilaus III., in revenge for Barcan support of a rival
faction
 , sacked it towards the close of the 6th century and deported a number of its inhabitants to Bactria. Under Ptolemaic
rule
  it began to decline, like Cyrene, and its port Ptolemais (Tolmeita) took its place: but after the Arab conquest (A.D. 641) it became the
chief
  place of the Cyrenaica for a time and a
principal
  station on the Kairawan road. Though now a mere
village
 , Merj is still the
chief
  centre of administration inland, and has a fort and small garrison. No ruins of earlier period than the
late
  Roman and early Arab seem to be visible on the site. The latter lies, like Cyrene, about ten miles from the
coast
  on the crest of Jebel Akhdar, here sunk to a low down-land. It owed its early prosperity to its easy access to the sea, and to the fact that natural conditions in Cyrenaica and the
Sahara behind it, tend to divert
trade
  to the west of the districta fact which is exemplified by the final survival of Berenice (mod. Bengazi). Merj stands in a
rich
  but ill-cultivated stretch of red soil. (D. G. H.)


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