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Encyclopedia Britannica



BARACOA

This article appears in Volume V03, Page 379 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: BAI-BAR
BARACOA , a seaport city of N.E. Cuba, in Santiago province. Pop. (1907) 5633. The town lies under high hills on a small circular harbour accessible to small craft. The country round about is extremely rugged. The hill called the " Anvil of Baracoa " (about 3000 ft.) is remarkable for its extremely regular formation. It completely dominates the city's background, and is a well-known sailors' landmark. The town is the trading centre of a large plantation region behind it and is the centre of the
banana
  and cocoanut export
trade
 . There is a fort dating from the middle of the 18th century. Baracoa is the oldest town in Cuba, having been settled by Diego
Velazquez
  in 1512. It held from its foundation the honours of a city. From 1512 to 1514 it was the
capital
  of the
island
 , and from -1518 to 1522 its
church
  was the
cathedral
  of the
island
 's first diocese. Both honours were taken from it to be given to Santiago de Cuba; and for two centuries after this Baracoa remained an obscure
village
 , with little commerce. In the 16th century it was repeatedly plundered by pirates until it came to terms with them, gave them welcome harbourage, and based a less
precarious
  existence upon continuous illicit
trade
 . Until the middle of the 18th century Baracoa was almost without connexion with Havana and Santiago. In the wars of the end of the century it was a place of deposit for French and Spanish corsairs. At this time, too, about Too fugitive immigrant families from Santo Domingo greatly augmented its industrial importance. In 1807 an unsuccessful attack was made upon the city by an English force. In 1826 the port was opened to foreign commerce.


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