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Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: BAI-BAR |
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BALIOL, JOHN DE (12491315) , king of Scotland , was a son of John de Baliol
earl
Baliol
Scotland on his elder brother's death in 1278. Little else, however, is known of his early life. He came into prominence when the Scottish throne became vacant in 1290 owing to the death of Margaret, the " maid of Norway," a granddaughter of King Alexander III., and was one of the three candidates for the crown whose pretensions were seriously considered. Claiming through his maternal grandmother, Margaret, the eldest daughter of David
earl
David
parliament in London. He soon quarrelled with his overlord, the exact point at issue being doubtful, and returnedT1 to Scotland. Consequent on the dispute which had broken out between England and France, a council of twelve was appointed to assist him, and it was decided to defy Edward. Englishmen were dismissed from the Scottish court, their fiefs were confiscated, and an alliance was concluded with Philip IV., king of France. War broke out, but Baliol did not take the field in person. Invading Scotland, Edward met with a feeble resistance, and at Brechin in July 1296 Baliol surrendered his kingdom to Antony Bek, bishop of Durham, as the representative of the English king. About the same time he appeared before Edward at Montrose, and delivered to him a white rod, the feudal token of resignation. With his son, Edward, he was taken a prisoner to England, remaining in captivity until July 1299, when he was released at the request of Pope Boniface VIII. He lived for some time under the pope's supervision, and seems to have passed his remaining days quietly on his French estates. He died in Normandy early in 1315, leaving several children by his wife, Isabel
See Documents andRecords illustrating the History of Scotland,edited by F. T. Palgrave (London, 1837); Documents illustrative of the History of Scotland, 1286-1306, edited by J. Stevenson (Edinburgh, 1870) ; J. H. Burton, History of Scotland, vol. ii. (Edinburgh, 1905) ; A. Lang, History of Scotland, vol. i. (Edinburgh, 1904) ; Sir H. Maxwell, Robert the Bruce (London, 1897) ; Calendar of Documents relating to Scotland, edited by J. Bain (Edinburgh, 1881-1888). Also SCOTLAND: History.End of Article: BALIOL, JOHN DE (12491315) If you wish, you can link directly to this article.
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