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Encyclopedia Britannica



BALDWIN II

This article appears in Volume V03, Page 246 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: BAI-BAR
BALDWIN II .,
count
  of Edessa (troo1118), king of Jerusalem (11181131), originally known as Baldwin de Burg, was a son of
Count
  Hugh of Rethel, and a nephew of Godfrey of Bouillon and Baldwin I. He appears-on the first crusade at
Constantinople
  as one of Godfrey's men; and he helped Tancred to occupy Bethlehem in June 1099. After the capture of Jerusalem he served for a time with Bohemund at Antioch; but when Baldwin of Edessa became king of Jerusalem, he summoned Baldwin de Burg, and left him as count in Edessa. From Edessa Baldwin conducted continual forays against the
Mahommedan
  princes; and in the
great
  foray of 1104, in which he was joined by Bohemund, he was defeated and captured at Balich. Tancred became guardian of Edessa during Baldwin's captivity, and did not trouble himself greatly to procure his release. Baldwin, however, recovered his liberty at the beginning of rio8, and at once entered upon a struggle with Tancred for the recovery of Edessa. In September 1108 he regained his principality; but the struggle with Tancred continued, until it was composed by Baldwin in 1109. For the next ten years Baldwin ruled his principality with success, if not without severity. Planted in the farthest Christian outpost in northern Syria, he had to meet many attacks, especially from Mardin and Mosul, in revenge for the provocation offered by his own forays and those of the
restless Tancred. In 1110 he was besieged in Edessa, and
relieved by Baldwin I.; in 1114 he repelled an attack by
Aksunkur of Mosul; in 1115 he helped to defeat Aksunkur at Danith. At the same time, if
Matthew
  of Edessa may be trusted, he also carried his arms against the Armenians, and plundered in his avarice every Armenian of wealth and position. In 1118 he was on his way to spend Easter at Jerusalem, when he received the news of the death of Baldwin I.; and when he arrived at Jerusalem, he was made king, chiefly by the influence of. the patriarch Arnulf. In a reign of thirteen years, Baldwin II. extended the kingdom of Jerusalem to its widest limits. His reign is marked by almost incessant fighting in northern Syria. In 1119, after the defeat and death of Roger of Antioch, he defeated the amirs of Mardin and Damascus at Danith; in subsequent years he extended his sway to the very gates of Aleppo. In 1123 he was captured by Balak of Mardin, and confined in Kharput with Joscelin, his successor in the county of Edessa, who had been captured in the previous year. During his captivity Eustace Graverius became regent of Jerusalem, and succeeded, with the aid of the Venetians, in repelling an Egyptian attack, and even in capturing Tyre, 1124. In 1124 Baldwin II. succeeded in securing his liberty, under conditions which he instantly broke; and he at once embarked on strenuous and not unsuccessful hostilities against Aleppo and Damascus (1124-1127), exacting
tribute
  from both. During his reign he twice acted as regent in Antioch (1119, 1130), and in 1126 he married his daughter Alice to Bohemund II. In 1128 he offered the hand of his eldest daughter, Melisinda, to Fulk of Anjou, who had been recommended to him by Honorius II. In 1129 Fulk came and married Melisinda, and in 1131, on the death of Baldwin, he succeeded to the crown.
Baldwin II. had much of the churchmanship of Godfrey and Baldwin I.; but he appears most decidedly as an incessant warrior, under whom the Latin domination in the
East
  stretched, as Ibn al-Athir writes, in a
long
  line from Mardin in the North to el-Arish on the Red Seaa line only broken by the
Mahommedan
  powers of Aleppo, Hamah, Horns and Damascus. The Franks controlled the
great
  routes of
trade
 , and took tolls of the traders; and in 1130 their power may be regarded as having reached its height.


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