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Encyclopedia Britannica



BALA SERIES

This article appears in Volume V03, Page 239 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: BAI-BAR
BALA SERIES , in geology, a
series
  of dark slates and sand-stones with beds of limestone which occurs in the neighbourhood of
Bala
 , Merionethshire, North Wales. It was first described by A. Sedgwick, who considered it to be the upper
part
  of his Cambrian
System
 . The
series
  is now placed at the top of the Ordovician
System
 , above the Llandeilo beds. The
Bala
  limestone is from 20 to 40 ft. thick, and is recognizable over most of North Wales; it is regarded as the equivalent of the Coniston limestone of the Lake
District
 . The series in the type area consists of the Hirnant limestone, a thin inconstant bed, which is separated by 1400 ft. of slates from the Bala limestone, below this are more slates and volcanic rocks. The latter are represented by large contemporaneous deposits of
tuff
  and felsitic lava which in the Snowdon
District
  are several thousand feet thick. In
South
  Wales the Bala Series contains the following beds in descending order:the Trinucleus seticornis beds (Slade beds, Redhill shales and Sholeshook limestone), the Robeston Wathen beds, and the Dicranograptus shales. The typical
graptolites
  are, in the upper
part
 , Dicellograptus anceps and D. complanatus; in the lower part, Pleurograptus linearis and Dicranograptus Clingani. In Shropshire this series is represented by the Caradoc and Chirbury Series; in southern
Scotland
  by the Hartfell and. Ardmillan Series, and by similar rocks in Ireland. See CARADOC SERIES and ORDOVICIAN SYSTEM.


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