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Encyclopedia Britannica

BALARD, ANTOINE JEROME (1802-1876)

This article appears in Volume V03, Page 239 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: BAI-BAR

BALARD, ANTOINE JEROME (1802-1876) ,

French

chemist, was born at Montpellier on the 3oth of September 1802. He started as an apothecary, but taking up teaching he acted as chemical assistant at the faculty of sciences of his native town, and then became professor of

chemistry

at the royal college and school of pharmacy and at the faculty of sciences. In 1826 he discovered in sea-water a substance which he recognized as a previously unknown

element

ELEMENT (Lat. elementum)

and named bromine. The reputation brought him by this achievement secured his election as successor to L. J. Thenard in the chair of

chemistry

at the faculty of sciences in Paris, and in 1851 he was appointed professor of chemistry at the College de France, where he had M. P. E. Berthelot first as

pupil

PUPIL (Lat. pupillus, orphan, minor, dim. of pupus, boy, allied to puer, from root pm- or peu-, to beget, cf. "pupa," Lat. for " doll," the name given to the stage intervening between the larval and imaginal stages in certain insects)

, then as assistant and finally as colleague. He died in Paris on the 3oth of

April

APRIL

1876. While the discovery of bromine and the preparation of many of its compounds was his most conspicuous piece of

work

WORK

, Balard was an industrious chemist on both the pure and applied sides. In his researches on the bleaching compounds of chlorine he was the first to advance the view that bleaching-powder is a

double

compound of calcium239
chloride and hypochlorite; and he devoted much time to the problem of economically obtaining soda and potash from sea-water, though here his efforts were nullified by. the discovery of the much richer sources of

supply

SUPPLY (through Fr. from Lat. supplere, to fill up)

afforded by the

Stassfurt

STASSFURT

deposits. In organic chemistry he published papers on the decomposition of ammonium oxalate, with formation of oxamic acid, on amyl

alcohol

ALCOHOL

, on the cyanides, and on the difference in constitution between nitric and sulphuric ether.

End of Article: BALARD, ANTOINE JEROME (1802-1876)

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