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Encyclopedia Britannica



BALAGHAT (i.e. " above the ghats or passes," the highlands)

This article appears in Volume V03, Page 233 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: BAI-BAR
BALAGHAT (i.e. " above the ghats or passes," the highlands) , a
district
  of British India in the Nagpur division of the Central Provinces. The administrative headquarters are at the town of Burha. The
district
  contains an area of 3132 sq. m. It forms the eastern portion of the central
plateau
  which divides the
'T. Steuernagel, Einwanderung der israelitischen Stamm (1901).
province from
east
  to west. These highlands, formerly known as the Raigarh Bichhia
tract
 , remained desolate and neglected until 1866, when the district of Balaghat was formed, and the country opened to the industrious and enterprising peasantry of the Wainganga valley. Geographically the district is divided into three distinct parts :'-(i) The southern lowlands, a slightly undulating plain, comparatively well cultivated and drained by the Wainganga, Bagh, Deo, Ghisri and Son rivers. (2) The
long
  narrow valley known as the Mau Taluka, lying between the hills and the Wainganga river, and comprising a
long
 , narrow, irregular-shaped lowland
tract
 , intersected by hill ranges and peaks covered with dense jungle, and running generally from north to
south
 . (3) The lofty
plateau
 , inwhich is situated the Raigarh Bichhia tract, comprising irregular ranges of hills, broken into numerous valleys, and generally running from
east
  to west. The highest points in the hills of the district are as follows:Peaks above Lanji, 2300 or 2500 feet; Tepagarh hill,, about 2600 ft. ; and Bhainsaghat range, about 3000 ft. above the sea. The
principal
  rivers in the district are the Wainganga, and its tributaries, the Bagh, Nahra and Uskal ; a few smaller streams, such as the Masmar, the Mahkara, &c: ; and the Banjar, Halon and Jamunia, tributaries of the Nerbudda, which drain a portion of the upper plateau. In the middle of the 19th century the upper part of the district was an impenetrable waste. About that time one Lachhman Naik established the first villages on the Paraswara plateau. But ' a handsome Buddhist temple of cut stone, belonging to some remote period, is suggestive of a civilization which had disappeared before historic times. The population in tool was 326,521, showing a decrease of 15% in the decade, due to the effects of
famine
 . A large part of the area is still covered with forest, the most valuable timber-tree being sal. There are few good roads. The Gondia-Jubbulpore line of the Bengal-Nagpur railway traverses the Wainganga valley in the west of the district. The district suffered very severely from the
famine
  of 1896-1897. It suffered again in 1900, when in April the number of persons relieved rose above ioo,000.


End of Article: BALAGHAT (i.e. " above the ghats or passes," the highlands)


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