BAKEWELL

This article appears in Volume V03, Page 229 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: BAI-BAR

BAKEWELL , a market-town in the western parliamentary division of Derbyshire, England, on the river Wye, 25 M. N.N.W. of Derby, on the Midland railway. Pop. of urban district (1901) 2850. The church of All Saints is mentioned in Domesday, and tradition ascribes the building of its nave to King John, while the western side of the tower must be older still. Within are some admirable specimens of encaustic tiles, and several monuments of the Vernon and Manners families; while an ancient runic rood-stone stands in the churchyard. Zinc and marble are worked in the neighbourhood. The

cotton

manufacture was established in the town by Sir Richard Arkwright. Bakewell is noted for a chalybeate

spring

SPRING (from " to spring," " to leap or jump up," " burst out," O. Eng., springau, a common Teut. word, cf. Ger. springer, possibly allied to Gr. QnrFpxecOac, to move rapidly)

, of use in cases of chronic rheumatism, and there are baths attached to it. A kind of jam-cake, called a "Bakewell pudding," gives another sort of fame to the place. The almshouses, known as St John's hospital, were founded in 16oz; and in 1637 a free grammar school was endowed by Lady Grace Manners. Among modern buildings may be mentioned the Bakewell and High Peak Institute, and the town

hall

and museum. On Castle Hill, in the vicinity, are the remains of an earthwork, said to have been raised by Edward the Elder in 924. Within the parish are included the mansions of Burton Closesand Castle Hill. Two miles from, the town amidst beautiful gardens and meadows, is Haddon

Hall

. To the east lies the magnificent domain of Chatsworth. The scenery of the neighbourhood, in both the Wye and the Derwent valleys, is very beautiful; the

village

VILLAGE

of . Eyam (pronounced Eem) near the Derwent may be noticed as specially picturesque. The plague of 1665, carried hither from London, almost depopulated this

village

VILLAGE

, and the name of the

rector

RECTOR (Lat. for " ruler," " guide," &c., from regere, " rule ")

, William Mompesson, attracted wide notice on account of his brave attempts to combat the outbreak.
BAKHCHI-SARAI (Turk. for " garden-palace "), a town of Russia, in the government of Taurida, situated in a narrow gorge in the Crimea, 20 M. by rail S.S.W. of Simferopol. From the close of the 15th century down to 1783 it was the residence of the Tatar khans of the Crimea; and its streets wear a decidedly oriental look. The principal building, the palace, or Khan-sarai, was originally erected in 1519 by Abdul-Sahal-Ghirai, destroyed in 1736, and restored at Potemkin's command for the reception of Catherine II. Attached to it is a mausoleum, which contains the tombs of many of the khans. There are in the place no fewer then thirty-six mosques. The population consists for the most part of Tatars. Bakhchi-sarai manufactures morocco, sheep-skin cloaks, agricultural implements, sabres and cutlery. Pop'. (1897) 12,955. ' Two and a half miles to the east is Chufut-Kaleh (or Jews' city), formerly the

chief

CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

seat of the Karaite Jews of the Crimea, situated on lofty and almost inaccessible cliffs; it is now deserted except by the

rabbi

RABBI

. Between Bakhchi-sarai and Chufut-kaleh is the Uspenskiy monastery, clinging like a swallow's nest to the face of the cliffs, and the scene of a great

pilgrimage

PILGRIMAGE (Fr. pelerinage, Lat. peregrinatio)

on the 15th (29th) of August every year.

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