BAHAWALPUR, or BHAWALPUR

This article appears in Volume V03, Page 210 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: AUD-BAI

BAHAWALPUR, or BHAWALPUR , a native state of India, within the Punjab, stretching for more than 300 M. along the left bank of the Sutlej, the Punjnud and the Indus. It is bounded on the N. and E. by Sind and the Punjab, and on the S. by the Rajputana desert. It is the

principal

PRINCIPAL

Mahommedan

MAHOMMEDAN

state in the Punjab, ranking second only to Patiala.

Edward

EDWARD

Thornton thus described the general aspect of the state:
" Bahawalpur is a remarkably level country, there being no considerable

eminence

EMINENCE (Lat. eminentia)

within its limits, as the occasional sand-hills, seldom exceeding 5o or 6o ft. in height, cannot be considered exceptions. The cultivable part extends along the river line for a distance of about to m. in breadth from the left or eastern bank. In the
sandy part of the desert beyond this strip of fertility both men and beasts, leaving the beaten path, sink as if in loose snow. Here, too, the sand is raised into ever-changing hills by the force of the wind sweeping over it. In those parts of the desert which have a hard level soil of clay, a few stunted mimosas, acacias and other shrubs are produced, together with rue, various

bitter

BITTER, KARL THEODORE FRANCIS (1867– )

and aromatic plants, and occasionally tufts of grass. Much of the soil of the desert appears to be alluvial; there are numerous traces of streams having formerly passed over it, and still, where irrigation is at all practicable, fertility in the clayey

tract

TRACT (from Lat. tractare, to treat of a matter, through Provencal tractat and Ital. trattato)

follows; but the rains are scanty, the wells few and generally ioo ft. deep or more."
The area covers 15,918 sq. m.; pop. (1901) 720,877, showing an increase of 11 % on the previous decade; estimated

gross

GROSS

revenue, 146,700; there is no

tribute

TRIBUTE (Lat. tributurn, a stated payment, contribution)

. The

chief

CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

, whose title is nawab, is a

Mahommedan

MAHOMMEDAN

of the Daudputra family from Sind, and claims descent from Abbas, uncle of, the Prophet. The dynasty established its independence of the Afghans towards the end of the 18th century, and made a treaty with the British in 1838 to which it has always been loyal. The benefits of canal irrigation were introduced in the 'seventies, and the revenue thus doubled. The territory is traversed throughout its length by the North-Western and Southern Punjab railways. There are an arts college and Anglo-vernacular schools.
The town of Bahawalpur is situated near the left bank of the Sutlej, and has a railway station 65 m. from Mooltan. It has a magnificent palace, which is visible from far across the Bikanir desert; it was built in 1882 by Nawab Sadik Mahommed

Khan

KHAN (from the Turki, hence Persian and Arabic Khan)

. Pop. (1901) 18,546.

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